Introduction to Programming Languages.

 

Programming Languages.

Introduction to the computer language

 OBJECTIVES: 

• TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS COMPUTER LANGUAGE 
• TO UNDERSTAND LOW LEVEL AND HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE 
• TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN LOW LEVEL AND HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

Human languages are known as natural languages. Unfortunately, computers can not understand natural languages, as a result, we must communicate with computers using computer languages. These languages are: 

• High-Level Languages

• Low-Level Languages 

• Assembly Language

• Machine Language

 Low-level Languages: Low-level computer languages are machine codes or close to them. 

» Example:  0 and 1

 • Low-level languages are further divided into;

     1) Machine Language:

         It expresses instructions in the binary codes of computer i:e 0 and 1. 

     2) Assembly Language: 

         It utilizes symbols to represent operation codes and storage locations, also called symbolic language. It is an alphanumeric language known a "mnemonic codes". 

»Example: ADD for Addition, SUB for subtraction, start label, etc.

Types of Languages

•  Programming languages were created to give instruction. 

• They are classified into various categories: 

- High Level

- Low Level

• The higher the level the more abstraction from the hardware. 

- If a language has higher abstraction- it is further away from machine language (1's and O's)

Types of Computer/Programming Languages 

1. Machine Language 
2. Symbolic Languages

 There Are Two Types Of Symbolic Languages 

• Low-level Language 

» Low-level language is near to machine language. Assembly Language is an example of Low-level Language. 

• High-Level Language 

» High-level language is near to human languages that language mostly English word. C, C++, Java, Cobol, PHP, C#, Basic, and have many other languages. Visual Basic and have many other languages.

Low-LEVEL LANGUAGES

• These are easily understood by computers,
• They are machine-dependent languages.
• Programs written in these languages are not transferable from one computer to another.
• machine language and assembly language are examples of low-level languages.

Machine language

Machine code or machine language is a system of

instructions and data executed directly by a computer's

CPU. The lowest-level programming language that only be

understood by computers.

Computer language that is directly executable by a

computer without the need for translation by a compiler

or an assembler.

Many tools exist for building a house; likewise, many tools are available for creating or writing software. Those tools include different types of programming languages used to write detailed sets of instructions to the computer. programming Languages provide the basic building blocks for all systems and applications software. programming Languages allow people to tell computers what to do and are the means by which software systems developed. There are many different programming languages, just like there are many languages spoken in the world. Like human languages, all have verbs and subroutines. It is these building blocks that are basic to computer programming in any language that it is important to learn. Unlike human languages, with computer languages, once you learn one, it is much easier to the next and the next.

Generations of  Programming Languages

This chapter will teach you the basics of computer programming. You will learn to write programs that do calculations, programs that store names and addresses, and programs that are fun!

People have been writing computer programs since general-purpose computers were first developed in the late 1940s. programs are written in programming languages, of which visual basic, COBOL, and JAVA are common examples.